Passive fire protection (PFP) refers to built-in building components that contain or slow the spread of fire and smoke without requiring activation. Unlike active systems such as sprinklers or alarms, passive measures are always in place and form part of the building’s fabric. Examples include fire-resistant walls and floors, cavity barriers, fire stops, fire doors, and intumescent materials. PFP works by dividing a building into fire-resistant compartments, giving occupants time to evacuate and emergency services time to respond. It is a legal requirement under UK Building Regulations and is essential to any fire safety strategy.
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